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| - Templating of Perovskite-Related Films Using Layer-by-Layer Assemblies and Nanoparticle Building Blocks
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| - Thin perovskite-related films have been obtained using a layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte templating approach including either spraying or dipping procedures. Resulting film morphology depends on the number of nanoparticle layers deposited and the procedure employed.
- Thin perovskite-related films have been obtained using a templating approach. First, nanoparticles of preformed hydroxide materials are synthesized by precipitation from the corresponding metal nitrates with ammonia solution. The resulting particles are then deposited layer-by-layer on glass substrate in alternation with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Two different techniques were used to realize the adsorption from nanoparticle suspension and polyelectrolyte solution: spraying and dipping. After removal of the polyelectrolyte template and formation of a perovskite-related layer by calcination, SEM characterization reveals thin flat films with morphology depending on the number of nanoparticle layers deposited. Homogeneous films are observed for one to three layers while they become inhomogeneous and contain big aggregates for thicknesses above five layers as a result of coarsening of smaller particles. The addition of adsorbed layers (from 1 to 15) results in an increase of the thickness (from 10 to 55 nm), but it appears that particles coarsen during thermal treatment and form large agglomerates that are then detached from the film, limiting the thickness increase. In addition to the short incubation time more perovskite-related material can be deposited when the spraying technique is used. The use of similar adsorption times in both spraying and dipping highlights the efficiency of spraying in terms of the deposited material.
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| - Templating of Perovskite-Related Films
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