| Abstract
| - The partial removal of nitrogen and refractory sulfur species from gas oil was confirmed to beeffective to achieve deep hydrodesulfurization. Such removal was effectively performed overactivated carbon materials that were further activated by oxidation, followed by heat treatment,to maximize the adsorption capacity of conventional materials for nitrogen and refractory sulfurspecies. Activation with particular oxidants such as HNO3, H2SO4, and H2O2, followed by heattreatment at their appropriate temperature, dramatically improved the adsorption capacity fornitrogen species by introducing the particular oxygen functional groups on activated carbon. Fromthe correlation between the structure of carbon material and the adsorption capacity for nitrogenand sulfur, particular oxygen groups that release CO at a temperature of 600−800 °C in a heliumatmosphere and the surface area of the carbon materials are keys for the adsorption of nitrogenand sulfur species.
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