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| - Optimization of Sulfur ImpregnationProtocol for Fixed-Bed Application ofActivated Carbon-Based Sorbentsfor Gas-Phase Mercury Removal
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| Abstract
| - Novel sulfur-impregnated activated carbons for vaporphase mercury uptake (BPL-S series) were designed anddeveloped in this study. Temperature and the initialsulfur to carbon ratio (SCR) during impregnation were thetwo control parameters for the impregnation procedure.By adjusting these two variables, a series of sulfur-impregnated carbons was created. These new materialstogether with commercially available sulfur-impregnatedactivated carbon (HGR) and coal samples were evaluatedfor the uptake of vapor phase elemental mercury usingnitrogen as a carrier gas. The results showed thatcarbonsimpregnated with sulfur at high temperature exhibited thehighest efficiency for mercury removal. As theimpregnation temperature decreased, the performance of the carbonsdeteriorated. When SCR was varied from 4:1 to 1:2,thesulfur content decreased only slightly, which resulted inasmall decrease in mercury uptake capacity. Therefore,the impregnation temperature is the most important factorinfluencing the efficiency of these sorbents for mercuryuptake. Because the impregnation temperature dictatesthepredominant form of sulfur allotropes, it can be concludedthat the actual form of sulfur rather than the totalsulfurcontent is a crucial parameter governing the chemisorption process. Stronger bonding between sulfur andcarbon surface was found for carbons impregnated athigher temperatures. This prevents sulfur fromagglomeratingand clogging the carbon pores during column runs atelevated temperatures. Large surface areas and largefractions of mesopores in these new sorbents alsocontributedto excellent mercury removal efficiencies.
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