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| - Distribution and Fate of NeutralAlkylphenol Ethoxylate Metabolitesin a Sewage-Impacted UrbanEstuary
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| - The distribution and fate of neutral metabolites of thealkylphenol ethoxylate (APEO) surfactants in an urbanizedestuarine environment were examined utilizing a recentlydeveloped, highly sensitive LC−MS method. Results indicatedthat short ethoxyl-chain APEOs and alkylphenols (APs)were present in surficial sediments throughout the estuaryat concentrations roughly correlated to the organiccarbon content of the sediment and that the APEO mixturewas dominated by nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOs)metabolites (0.05−30 μg/g), with lesser amounts ofoctylphenol ethoxylate metabolites (OPEOs) (<0.005−0.09 μg/g) and halogenated nonylphenols (<0.001−0.03 μg/g).NPEO metabolites in surface water (0.22−1.05 μg/L) werealso present at higher concentrations than OPEOmetabolites (0.007−0.040 μg/L). APEO metabolite concentrations in both sediment and water showed a strongcorrelation with conventional sewage tracers, affirming awastewater source of these contaminants. APEOdistributions in surface waters within the estuary couldbe explained by a combination of post-discharge degradationand mixing with a seawater end-member enriched inOPEO metabolites. Measured in situ Koc values of APEOmetabolites were comparable to previously reported valuesderived from field experiments but higher than Kow andKoc values derived from laboratory experiments. Results fromthe present work indicate that the fate of APEO metabolitesentering the estuarine environment through dischargeof wastewater is directed primarily by scavenging ontoparticles and subsequent burial in sediments, degradationduring residence in the water column, and transport outof the estuary through advective and dispersive processes.
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