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| - In Situ Transformation of DeuteratedToluene and Xylene toBenzylsuccinic Acid Analogues inBTEX-Contaminated Aquifers
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| - Techniques for detecting and quantifying anaerobictransformations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, andxylene (BTEX) are needed to assess the feasibility of usingin situ bioremediation to treat BTEX-contaminatedgroundwater aquifers. Deuterated surrogates of toluene(toluene-d8) and xylene (o-xylene-d10) were injected into BTEX-contaminated aquifers during single-well push−pull teststo monitor for the in situ formation of deuterated benzylsuccinicacid (BSA-d8) and o-methyl-BSA-d10. Test solutions (250L) containing toluene-d8 (9−22 μM) and o-xylene-d10 (4−9μM) along with a conservative bromide tracer (1.3 mM)and nitrate (4 mM) as an electron acceptor were injectedinto four wells at two sites. Detection of BSA-d8 and o-methyl-BSA-d10 in groundwater samples collected from the samewells following injection unequivocally demonstratedanaerobic in situ toluene-d8 and o-xylene-d10 transformationwith calculated zero-order formation rates ranging from1.0 to 7.4 nM/day. Concurrent utilization of co-injected nitratewas rapid in all tests at both sites, with zero-order ratesranging from 13 to 39 μM/h. The field tests conducted in thisstudy represent the first reported use of deuteratedaromatic hydrocarbons to detect and quantify anaerobicBTEX transformation product formation in the subsurface.
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