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| - Removal of the Natural HormoneEstrone from Aqueous SolutionsUsing Nanofiltration and ReverseOsmosis
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| - The ability of a variety of nanofiltration and reverseosmosis membranes to retain the natural hormone estroneare examined here as a function of solution conditions.While size exclusion dominates retention with the tightermembranes, both size exclusion and adsorptive effects appearto be instrumental in maintaining high retention onnanofiltration membranes that otherwise exhibit relativelylow ion retentions. These adsorptive effects may bedriven by hydrogen bonding between estrone and themembrane. Electrostatic attraction appears to aid retentionwith an apparent slight decrease in retention at highNaCl concentrations. Deprotonation of estrone leads to asignificant decrease in retention, most likely as a resultof the effect of strong electrostatic repulsive forces decreasingthe proximity of the negatively charged estrone to thenegatively charged membrane surface and thus loweringthe potential for adsorptive retention. This deprotonation effectis absent for tight RO membranes. The results reportedhere indicate that while open nanofiltration membranes maybe effective in retaining estrone under some conditions,the extent of retention may be very susceptible to maintenanceof adsorptive capacity at the membrane surface anddepend on solution chemistry.
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