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| - Effect of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether onthe Bioconcentration andPhotoinduced Toxicity ofFluoranthene in Fathead MinnowLarvae (Pimephales promelas)
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| - The use of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in reformulatedgasoline in motorized watercraft can lead to the presenceof both unburned MTBE and fossil fuel combustion productsin aquatic environments. MTBE has been added tounleaded gasoline to decrease vehicular carbon monoxideemissions in the atmosphere since the 1980s. Fluorantheneis among the most prevalent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) identified in the exhaust of internal combustionengines, and it has toxic effects on organisms in thepresence of near-ultraviolet radiation. Because theinteractions between MTBE and PAHs were not known,the toxicities of MTBE and fluoranthene together in fish werestudied. Four-day-old fathead minnow larvae wereexposed to combinations of fluoranthene and MTBE in alaboratory system under simulated sunlight for 96 h. Fishexposed to both MTBE and fluoranthene experienced highermortality as compared to fish exposed only to fluoranthene.Fish exposed to MTBE alone did not exhibit increasedmortality as compared to no-exposure controls. Co-exposureto MTBE was associated with significantly increaseduptake rates and significantly decreased elimination ratesfor fluoranthene. The bioconcentration factor in fishexposed to 20 μg of fluoranthene/L in the presence of 40μg of MTBE/L was 1.7−2.2 times higher than that forfluoranthene alone. The observed pattern of mortalityreflected the different body residues of fluoranthene infish. We conclude that, because of enhanced bioconcentrationfactors, the photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene andpotentially other PAHs will be greater in aquatic environmentswhere reformulated gasoline containing MTBE is utilizedin motorized watercraft.
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