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| - Donnan Membrane Approach: FromEquilibrium to Dynamic Speciation
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| - Metal ion toxicity is not simply related to the totalconcentration but to the free or labile metal ion concentration.One of the techniques that can measure the free metalion concentration is the Donnan Membrane Technique (DMT).However, this method has limitations in terms of arelatively high detection limit (in relation to typicalenvironmental concentrations) and a long equilibration time.We have therefore developed the Flux Donnan Membrane(FDM) Technique, which is a dynamic modification ofthe standard DMT with improved detection limits and amore rapid response. We show that experimental calibrationsof metal ion transport in the FDM can be used to measure[M]free under conditions of either solution-controlled ormembrane-controlled diffusive transport. The FDM was usedto measure cobalt binding isotherms by a humic substanceover a large range of free Co concentrations and pH.
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