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| - Chloride Retention and Release in aBoreal Forest Soil: Effects of SoilWater Residence Time and Nitrogenand Chloride Loads
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| - The common assumption that chloride (Cl-) is conservativein soils and can be used as a groundwater tracer iscurrently being questioned, and an increasing number ofstudies indicate that Cl- can be retained in soils. We performedlysimeter experiments with soil from a coniferous forestin southeast Sweden to determine whether pore waterresidence time and nitrogen and Cl- loads affected Cl-retention. Over the first 42 days there was a net retentionof Cl- with retention rates averaging 3.1 mg Cl- m-2d-1 (68% of the added Cl- retained over 42 days). Thereafter,a net release of Cl- at similar rates was observed forthe remaining experimental period (85 d). Longer soil waterresidence time and higher Cl- load gave higher initialretention and subsequent release rates than shorter residencetime and lower Cl- load did. Nitrogen load did not affectCl transformation rates. This study indicates that simultaneousretention and release of Cl- can occur in soils, and thatrates may be considerable relative to the load. The retentionof Cl- observed was probably due to chlorination of soilorganic matter or ion exchange. The cause of the shift betweennet retention and net release is unclear, but we hypothesizethat the presence of O2 or the presence of microbiallyavailable organic matter regulates Cl- retention and releaserates.
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