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Title
| - High-Resolution AtmosphericModeling of Fluorotelomer Alcoholsand Perfluorocarboxylic Acids in theNorth American Troposphere
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Abstract
| - A high spatial and temporal resolution atmospheric modelis used to evaluate the potential contribution of fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) and perfluorocarboxylate (PFCA)emissions associated with the manufacture, use, anddisposal of DuPont fluorotelomer-based products in NorthAmerica to air concentrations of FTOH, perfluorooctanoicacid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in NorthAmerica and the Canadian Arctic. A bottom-up emissioninventory for PFCAs and FTOHs was developed from salesand product composition data. A detailed FTOH atmosphericdegradation mechanism was developed to simulate FTOHdegradation to PFCAs and model atmospheric transportof PFCAs and FTOHs. Modeled PFCA yields from FTOHdegradation agree with experimental smog-chamber resultssupporting the degradation mechanism used. EstimatedPFCA and FTOH air concentrations and PFCA depositionfluxes are compared to monitoring data and previous globalmodeling. Predicted FTOH air concentrations are generallyin agreement with available monitoring data. Overallemissions from the global fluorotelomer industry areestimated to contribute approximately 1−2% of the PFCAsin North American rainfall, consistent with previousglobal emissions estimates. Emission calculations andmodeling results indicate that atmospheric inputs of PFCAsin North America from fluorotelomer-based products willdecline by an order of magnitude in the near future as a resultof current industry commitments to reduce manufacturingemissions and lower the residual fluorotelomer alcoholraw material and trace PFCA product content.
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