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| - Characterizing and Designing Polycation−Clay Nanocomposites As a Basis for Imazapyr Controlled Release Formulations
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| - A novel controlled release formulation (CRF) of the herbicide imazapyr (IMP) was designed to reduce its leaching, which causes soil and water contamination. The anionic herbicide IMP was bound to polydiallyldimethylammonium-chloride (PDADMAC)−montmorillonite composites. PDADMAC adsorption reached a high loading of polymer, which resulted in charge reversal of the clay and promoted IMP binding. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, zeta potential, and X-ray diffraction measurements, indicating electrostatic interactions of the polycation with the surface, polycation intercalation in the clay and suggesting a configuration as loops and tails on the surface at high loadings. IMP binding to the composites is affected by polycation loading and flocculation. Upon adding high concentrations of IMP to a composite of 0.16 g/g, we obtained high herbicide loadings (66% active ingredient). IMP release from the CRFs applied on a thin layer of soil was substantially slower than its release from the commercial formulation (Arsenal). Accordingly, soil column bioassays indicated reduced herbicide leaching (nearly 2-fold) upon applying the CRFs while maintaining good herbicidal activity. The new PDADMAC-clay formulations are promising from the environmental and weed control management points of view.
- Optimizing polycation−-montmorillonite composites and imazapyr binding to them is the basis for controlled release formulations that demonstrate reduced leaching and good herbicidal activity.
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