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| - Fused Chemical Reactions. 2. Encapsulation: Application toRemediation of Paraffin Plugged Pipelines
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| - Fused chemical reactions are reactions that undergo a delay before significant amounts of productare produced. One class of fused chemical reactions is the class of reactions triggered by anabrupt release of a catalyst. Fused chemical reactions have the potential of solving the problemof organic deposition in sub-sea pipelines which is a problem with enormous economicconsequence (Singh, P.; Fogler, H. S. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.1998, 37 (6), 2203). The reactionbetween ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite catalyzed by citric acid was chosen as an exampleof a fused chemical reaction system where the acid was encapsulated in polymer-coated gelatincapsules. The timed release of the acid catalyst was achieved by putting an additional polymericcoating on the gelatin capsules. The reaction kinetics and the polymer dissolution kinetics wereinvestigated in an adiabatic batch reactor. An excellent agreement between simulation andexperimental results in the batch reactor was achieved. Experimental results in a flow-loopreactor demonstrated that the fused chemical reaction could provide a substantial amount ofheat in situ. This amount of heat is sufficient to overcome the high heat loss to the surroundingsand to raise the temperature of the fluid above the effective temperature to soften and melt thewax deposit. The delay in heat release was found to depend on the thickness of the polymericcoating, while the amount and rate of heat release depended on the in situ reactant and acidconcentrations.
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