| Abstract
| - Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a tool that is becoming more realistic for use in thedescription of the detailed flow fields within fixed beds of low tube-to-particle diameter ratio(N). The motivation for the use of CFD is presented by reviewing the current state of fixed-bedreactor modeling, with an emphasis on the treatment of the description of fluid flow within thebed. Challenges in the use of CFD for fixed beds of particles are treated here, selected resultsare presented for N = 2 and N = 4, and potential uses of the simulation information in designmodels for fixed-bed reactors are discussed.
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