| Abstract
| - A modified sol−gel method was employed to synthesize metal-doped TiO2 with varied dopant concentrationsusing titanium butoxide and metal nitrate hydrate as the precursors and hydrothermal posttreatment. Theprepared samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, BET, UV−vis/diffuse reflectance, PZCmeasurement, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and fluorescence lifetime, while the photocatalyticactivities were tested using benzoic acid as the model compound. Ga-doped TiO2 exhibits the highestphotoactivity among the prepared metal-doped TiO2 photocatalysts. This is most likely due to the gooddispersion of Ga dopant onto the surface of TiO2, adequate surface area, and decrease of recombinationcenter on the surface of Ga-doped TiO2 photocatalyst. The optimum dopant concentration was found to be0.1 wt % for Ga-doped TiO2.
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