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| - Ordering of Interfacial Water Molecules at the ChargedAir/Water Interface Observed by Vibrational Sum FrequencyGeneration
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| - The molecular structure and orientation of interfacial watermolecules at the air/water interface in thepresence of soluble cationic and anionic surfactants has beencharacterized. We have employed vibrational sumfrequency generation (VSFG) to probe the orientation of interfacialwater molecules as a function of both bulksurfactant concentration and solution ion strength. The observedordering of interfacial water molecules is manifestedby an enhancement of the OH stretching modes in the VSFG spectra.We attribute the observed enhancement to analignment of the interfacial water molecules induced by the largeelectrostatic field present at these charged interfaces.The nature of this enhancement is further explored by studyingmixed (cationic and anionic) surfactant systems aswell as surfactant systems at different ionic strengths. Fromthese studies we find that the interfacial water moleculesattain their highest degree of alignment at surface surfactantconcentrations well below maximum surface coverage.
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