| Abstract
| - Using classical electrochemistry, it is demonstrated that the concentration-gradient paramagnetic force, F∇C, is a body force proportional to |B|2 acting parallel to the concentration gradient of electrogenerated radicals. F∇C can balance gravity, holding volumes of solution wherein mass transfer continues to take place by diffusion. In contrast to usual levitation forces, F∇C does not depend on field gradients and may be present even in homogeneous magnetic fields. Understanding the properties of F∇C is relevant to magnetic confinement and levitation and is speculated even to propulsion with objects having permanent susceptibility gradients.
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