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| - Plasma Clearance of Bacteriophage Qβ Particles as aFunction of Surface Charge
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| - Self-assembled protein capsids have gained attention as a promising class of nanoparticles forbiomedical applications due to their monodisperse nature and versatile genetic and chemical tailorability.To determine the plasma clearance and tissue distribution in mice of the versatile capsid of bacteriophageQβ, the particles were decorated with gadolinium complexes using the CuI-mediated azide−alkynecycloaddition reaction. Interior surface labeling was engineered by the introduction of an azide-containingunnatural amino acid into the coat protein for the first time. Clearance rates were conveniently monitoredby quantitative detection of Gd using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and werefound to be inversely proportional to the number of complexes attached to the exterior surface of the particle.This phenomenon was correlated to changes in exterior surface charge brought about by acylation of surface-exposed amine groups in the initial step of the bioconjugation protocol. When primary amine groups werereintroduced by azide−alkyne coupling, the circulation time increased accordingly. These results showthat nanoparticle trafficking may be tailored in predictable ways by chemical and genetic modifications thatmodulate surface charge.
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