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Title
| - Micellar Properties of Quillaja Saponin. 1. Effects of Temperature,Salt, and pH on Solution Properties
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Abstract
| - We used surface tension and dye solubilization measurements todemonstrate that quillaja saponinmolecules aggregate into micelles above a critical micelleconcentration (cmc), whose value rangesbetween 0.5 and 0.8 g/L at 298 K. Below the cmc, this surfactantforms a saturated interfaciallayer with 2 μmol/m2. Increased temperature or pHincreases the cmc, while increased saltconcentration decreases this value. The size of saponin micelleswas found to increase stronglywith temperature but to have little dependence on salt concentration orpH. The effect of increasedtemperature on size is accompanied by a decrease in intrinsicviscosity, suggesting substantialdehydration of the micelles at higher temperatures. We alsoobserved some differences betweenquillaja saponins obtained from various commercial sources. Theknowledge gained from thesestudies of quillaja saponin solutions is useful in exploring theirability to extract solutes of biologicalsignificance and for understanding the functioning of these biologicalsurfactants in foods and invivo. Keywords: Micelles; critical micelle concentration; aggregation number;solubilization
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