| Abstract
| - CuI-catalyzed coupling reaction of electron-deficient aryl iodides with aliphatic primary aminesoccurs at 40 °C under the promotion of N-methylglycine. Using l-proline as the promoter, couplingreaction of aryl iodides or aryl bromides with aliphatic primary amines, aliphatic cyclic secondaryamines, or electron-rich primary arylamines proceeds at 60−90 °C; an intramolecular couplingreaction between aryl chloride and primary amine moieties gives indoline at 70 °C; coupling reactionof aryl iodides with indole, pyrrole, carbazole, imidazole, or pyrazole can be carried out at 75−90°C; and coupling reaction of electron-deficient aryl bromides with imidazole or pyrazole occurs at60−90 °C to provide the corresponding N-aryl products in good to excellent yields. In addition,N,N-dimethylglycine promotes the coupling reaction of electron-rich aryl bromides with imidazoleor pyrazole to afford the corresponding N-aryl imidazoles or pyrazoles at 110 °C. The possible actionof amino acids in these coupling reactions is discussed.
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