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Title
| - 1- and 2-Photon Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay in Silicon Alkoxide Sol−Gels: Interpretation in Terms of Self-assembled Nanoparticles
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Abstract
| - We have studied the one- and two-photon induced fluorescence anisotropy decay of rhodamine 6G (R6G)during polymerization of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) approaching the sol-to-gel transition, a time denotedtg, using time-correlated single-photon counting and femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser excitation. A biexponentialdecay of fluorescence anisotropy is observed at all times. We propose a different interpretation to the widelyaccepted view, that fluorescence anisotropy reports solely on molecular viscosity in sol−gels. We think ourresults are consistent with the presence of both free dye and dye bound to nm-size silica particles rather thanjust the coexistence of different discrete viscosity domains as reported previously. A corollary of ourinterpretation is that the microviscosity changes very little from that of the initial bulk sol throughout thesol−gel polymerization. Nanometer-size particles are known from small angle scattering studies to be precursorsto gelation in sol−gels over a wide range of conditions and our interpretation might prove to be an importantstep toward understanding the self-assembly mechanisms of silicon alkoxide based materials at the molecularlevel. According to our measurements and interpretation, for TMOS at pH 2.3 for example, primary silicaparticles of ≈0.8-nm mean radius grow by monomer−monomer or monomer−cluster addition to producelarger structures ≈1.1-nm mean radius after one month.
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