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| - Synthesis of Thermally Stable Highly Ordered Nanoporous Tin Oxide Thin Films with a 3DFace-Centered Orthorhombic Nanostructure
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| - Thin films of nanoporous tin oxide with a 3D face-centered orthorhombic nanostructure have been synthesizedby self-assembly that is controlled by post-coating thermal treatment under controlled humidity. In contrastto the conventional evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), the films here have no ordered nanostructureafter dip-coating. However, the initial coatings are formed under conditions that inhibit significant hydrolysisand condensation for extended periods. This allows the use of postsynthesis thermal vapor treatments tocompletely control the formation of the nanostructure. With EO106−PO70−EO106 (Pluronic F127) triblockcopolymer as the template, highly ordered nanostructures were generated by exposing the disordered films toa stream of water vapor at elevated temperature, which rehydrates the films and allows the formation of thethermodynamically favored phase. Further exposure to water vapor drives the condensation reaction throughthe elimination of HCl. The X-ray diffraction pattern from the nanostructure was indexed in the space groupFmmm as determined by analysis of 2D small-angle X-ray scattering patterns at various angles of incidence.The nanostructure is then stabilized and made nanoporous by extended controlled thermal treatments. Afterself-assembly and template removal, the films are thermally stable up to 600 °C and retain an ordered, face-centered orthorhombic nanostructure.
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