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| - Preferential Solvation Stabilization for Hydrophobic Polymeric Nanoparticle Fabrication
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| - Preferential solvation of polymer molecules and strong EPD−EPA (EPD, electron pair donor; EPA, electronpair acceptor) interaction between solvent and nonsolvent molecules were found to be of great significancein the fabrication of two kinds of aromatic polyimide (AP) nanoparticles. Surfactant free yet stable APnanoparticles were prepared using a liquid−liquid phase separation method. The stability of the AP nanoparticlescan be achieved by the solvation multilayer resulting from a solvation stabilization chain in the form ofnonsolvent → solvent → AP (a → b denotes that component b is solvated by component a). The significanceof this stabilization chain was identified by many comparative experiments using different types of molecularprobes. On the other hand, the formation of AP nanoparticles was found to be governed by a nucleationprocess and therefore the particle size is controlled by the nucleation rate. A very high level of supersaturationcan be attained under the intensive local motions induced by ultrasound, resulting in a very high nucleationrate. This effect was found to be extremely useful in the fabrication of sub-50 nm AP nanoparticles.
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