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| - Synthesis of Sub-20-nm-Sized Bismuth 1-D Structures Using Gallium−Bismuth Systems
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| - Bismuth (Bi) nanowires are interesting one-dimensional systems due to the significant quantum confinementeffects exhibited as a function of the wire diameters, and synthesizing Bi nanowires with sizes below 20 nmis of fundamental importance in understanding quantum effects. Here, we report a bulk synthesis method tosynthesize ultrafine Bi nanowires and a new morphology of bismuth nanostructures, tapered whiskers. Thesetapered whiskers are about 10−20 μm in length and have diameters of 5−10 nm at the tip and 250−500 nmat the base. The synthesis method is based upon the multiple nucleation and basal growth of nanometer scalenuclei from molten gallium (Ga) melts that result from the low solubility of Bi in Ga and the low eutectictemperature of the Ga−Bi binary system. Adopting different methods of supplying bismuth and using variationsin simple heating and cooling, we have synthesized a variety of bismuth nanostructures.
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