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| - Effect of Ultrasound on the Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl Acetate in AqueousEthanol
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| - The kinetics of base-catalyzed hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate was studied in water and water−ethanolmixtures under ultrasound (21.1 kHz) using a probe equipped with a quartz horn and, by comparison, withoutsonication. The ethanol concentration was varied from 0 to 50 wt % and pH from 7.5 to 9. The increase ofreaction rate was inversely proportional to the strength of substrate interactions with the solvent structure. Itwas found that the effect of ultrasound could be related to the perturbation of solute−solvent interactions.This conclusion seems to apply to both acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions. Parallelexperiments with a titanium horn revealed the catalytic action of undetermined chemical species formedfrom dispersed titanium metal.
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