| Abstract
| - We demonstrate the high-rate capability of lithium ion insertion−deinsertion reactions in carbon nanofibers(CNFs). The morphology of CNFs with structural and surface defects, due to the mixed features of disorderedand graphitic carbon, plays an important role in both the enhancement of the lithium ion storage and therate-determining reactions during the topotactic process. The reversible specific capacity of the CNFs at a 0.1C rate was 461 mA·h/g. The most promising property, which is expected to overcome the hurdles of lithiumbatteries for high-power applications, is that they deliver considerably high specific capacity even at a veryhigh charge−discharge current, i.e., at a cycling rate of 10 C the reversible capacity is around 170 mA·h/gwith a 95% Coulombic efficiency.
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