| Abstract
| - We demonstrate the use of sequential catalytic growth to encapsulate iron, nickel−iron, and iron−cobaltphosphide catalyst nanoparticles periodically along the entire lengths of carbon nanotubes. Investigations bylocal electron spectroscopies and electron diffraction reveal the compositions and crystal structures of theencapsulated particles. Significantly, high spatial resolution magnetic characterization using magnetic forcemicroscopy and off-axis electron holography demonstrates that encapsulated iron−cobalt phosphidenanoparticles are ferromagnetic at room temperature, in accordance with the properties of bulk metal phosphidesof the same structure and composition.
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