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| - Homogeneous Freezing of Water Starts in the Subsurface
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| - Molecular dynamics simulations of homogeneous ice nucleation in extended aqueous slabs show that freezingpreferentially starts in the subsurface. The top surface layer remains disordered during the freezing process.The subsurface accommodates better than the bulk the increase of volume connected with freezing. It alsoexperiences strong electric fields caused by oriented surface water molecules, which can enhance ice nucleation.Our computational results shed new light on the experimental controversy concerning the bulk vs surfaceorigin of homogeneous ice nucleation in water droplets. This has important atmospheric implications for themicrophysics of formation of high altitude clouds.
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