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| - Enhanced Hydrophobicity of Rough Polymer Surfaces
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| - Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the effect of periodic roughness of PE and PVC polymersurfaces on the hydrophobicity. Pillars of different lateral dimensions and heights were derived from flatcrystalline surfaces, and the results of nanoscale simulations on the structured surfaces were compared withtheoretical predictions of the Wenzel and Cassie equations. Hydrophobicity increased on all rough surfaces,but the increase was greater on the structured PE surfaces because of the larger water contact angle on theflat PE surface than the corresponding PVC surface. Equally sized pillar structures on the two polymersresulted in different equilibrium wetting geometries. Composite contacts were observed on rough PE surfaces,and the contact angle increased with decreasing contact area between the solid and the liquid. Opposite resultswere obtained for rough PVC surfaces; the contact angle increased with the solid−liquid contact area, inagreement with Wenzel's equation. However, the composite contact was observed if the energies of the wettedand composite contacts were almost equal. Good agreement was obtained between the simulated contactangles and equilibrium droplet shapes and the theories but there were also some limitations of the nanoscalesimulations.
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