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| - Phase Behavior and Phase-Transfer Catalysis ofTetrabutylammonium Salts. Interface-Mediated Catalysis
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| - The phase behavior and component composition of the coexisting phases in the tetrabutylammoniumbromide (TBABr)/benzene/water/NaBr four-component system were strongly influenced by the temperature,TBABr content, and NaBr concentration. The phase-transfer catalytic activity of TBABr for the reactionof decyl methanesulfonate with sodium bromide was closely related to the phase behavior. Under O (oil-rich phase) + L (TBABr-rich liquid phase) + W (aqueous phase) triphase conditions, the influences oftemperature and stirring speed on the phase-transfer catalytic activity were small compared with thoseunder O + W biphase conditions. The addition of other quaternary salts that were able to form w/o aggregatesin the O phase enhanced the TBABr catalytic activity even under O + W conditions. The relationshipbetween phase behavior and catalytic activity of tetrabutylammonium chloride or iodide (TBACl or TBAI)was also examined. The results strongly suggested that the catalysis of TBAX was attributable to theinterfacial reactions of TBAX with the substrate. The interface includes the water−oil microinterfaceformed in the microemulsion-like L phase as well as the bulk water−oil interface.
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