| Abstract
| - We present a detailed optical spectroscopic and B, V, I, H α photometric study of the metal-deficient cometary blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy SBS 1415+437. We derive an oxygen abundance $12 + \log\,({\rm O/H}) = 7.61\pm0.01$ and $7.62\pm0.03$ ( $Z = Z_odot/20$) in the two brightest H ii regions, among the lowest in BCDs. The helium mass fractions in these regions are $Y = 0.246 \pm0.003$ and $0.243\pm0.010$. Four techniques based on the equivalent widths of the hydrogen emission and absorption lines, the spectral energy distribution and the colours of the galaxy are used to put constraints on the age of the stellar population in the low-surface-brightness (LSB) component of the galaxy, assuming two limiting cases of star formation (SF), the case of an instantaneous burst and that of a continuous SF with a constant or a variable star formation rate (SFR). The spectroscopic and photometric data for different regions of the LSB component are well reproduced by a young stellar population with an age t≤ 250 Myr, assuming a small extinction in the range $A_V = 0{-}0.6$ mag. Assuming no extinction, we find that the upper limit for the mass of the old stellar population, formed between 2.5 Gyr and 10 Gyr, is not greater than ~(1/20-1) of that of the stellar population formed during the last ~250 Myr. Depending on the region considered, this also implies that the SFR in the most recent SF period must be 20 to 1000 times greater than the SFR at ages $\ga$2.5 Gyr. We compare the photometric and spectroscopic properties of SBS 1415+437 with those of a sample of 26 low-metallicity dwarf irregular and BCD galaxies. We show that there is a clear trend for the stellar LSB component of lower-metallicity galaxies to be bluer. This trend cannot be explained only by metallicity effects. There must be also a change in the age of the stellar populations. The most metal-deficient galaxies have also smaller luminosity-weighted ages.
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