A case is presented of rupture of a mycotic thoracoabdominal aneurysmcaused by Salmonella typhimurium in a patient on immunosuppressive therapyfollowing kidney transplantation. After initial medical treatment, surgeryconsisted of local debridement and implantation of an aortic prosthesis.Lifelong antibiotic treatment was prescribed because of the combination ofimmunosuppressive therapy, the history of recurrent S. typhimuriumbacteremia and the presence of an aortic prosthesis.