A case of acute intercostal pulmonary herniation due to vigorouscoughing secondary to chronic bronchitis is reported in a 70-year-old male.Protruding pleura-covered lung tissue was found bulging through anintercostal space defect between the left midaxillary line and theinfrasternal costochondral arch. A hernial sac consisting of parietalpleura and atrophic intercostal muscle confined a "sliding pouch" for twopulmonary segments of which one presented a demarcation zone of temporaryincarceration interpreted as an entrapment of lung tissue between two ribs.A fracture gap was discovered affecting the anterior synostosis betweenribs 7 and 8. Treatment was accomplished by anterior fixation of the ribsand by the basic principles of hernia repair between adjacent ribs. A casereport and a brief survey of aetiological and anatomical classification ispresented.