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| - The Influence of Shelter and Weeds on Early Growth of Sitka Spruce and Lodgepole Pine
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| - An experiment in Helmsdale Forest (Highland Region, Scotland) examined the effects of shelter and weed competition on Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Can.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon). Different levels of shelter from wind were achieved by using netting and were measured using tatter flags. Three treatments compared weed competition by removing no vegetation, heather (Calluna vulgaris L.) only or all ground vegetation respectively. Results indicate a definite relationship between material lost from tatter flags and tree dry weight at five years. Even the smallest increase in shelter resulted in increased growth of Sitka spruce and the beneficial effect of shelter became most apparent 4 to 5 years after planting. Tree dry weight was found to be correlated with root collar diameter and height but not fifth year height increment. Results from weeding treatments were unclear and differed between species. This was because bird damage interacted with weeding, the completely weeded plots being most heavily damaged; and because the method of hand weeding (pulling out the whole plant including roots) damaged fine tree roots. Bird damage was prevented by netting but in unnetted plots it was found impossible to separate bird damage from other factors although it was clearly more serious on lodgepole pine.
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