| Abstract
| - The peritoneoscopy was carried out on 44 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and the obtained 55 color photographs of different tumor nodules were analyzed. In general, the hepatocellular carcinomas were observed as convex tumor nodules by peritoneoscopy, even in a large mass, with smooth or irregular surfaces, while superficial necrosis was rarely observed. These tumor nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma could be classified peritoneo-scopically into the following four types of surface characteristic. Type I: A smooth large protuberance, sometimes covered by a fibrous membrane and with daughter nodules. Type II: Fine nodular surface resembling a cirrhotic liver or salmon eggs. Type III: Disseminated small tumor nodules among the cirrhotic regenerative nodules. Type IV: Tumor nodules with a central necrosis, where the tumor tissues surrounding the necrosis showed nodular regrowth.
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