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A New Real-Time Method for Determining Particles’ Sphericity and Density: Application to Secondary Organic Aerosol Formed by Ozonolysis of α-Pinene

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A novel method that yields real-time simultaneous information on particle sphericity, high precision density, and composition can be applied to ambient and laboratory generated particles. Particle volumes are most often obtained by measuring particle mobility size distributions and assuming that the particles are spherical. Particle volumes are then converted to mass loads by using particle densities that are commonly estimated from measured mobility and vacuum aerodynamic diameters, assuming that the particles are spherical. For aspherical particles, these assumptions can introduce significant errors. We present in this work a new method that can be applied to any particle system to determine in real time whether the particles are spherical or not. We use our second-generation single particle mass spectrometer (SPLAT II) to measure with extremely high precision the vacuum aerodynamic size distributions of particles that are classified by differential mobility analyzer and demonstrate that the line shape of these vacuum aerodynamic size distributions provide a way to unambiguously distinguish between spherical and aspherical particles. Moreover, the very same experimental system is used to obtain the size, density, composition, and dynamic shape factors of individual particles. We present an application of this method to secondary organic aerosols that are formed as a result of ozonolysis of α-pinene in the presence and absence of an OH scavenger and find these particles to be spherical with densities of 1.198 ± 0.004 and 1.213 ± 0.003 g cm−3, respectively.

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