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| - Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Organophosphate and CarbamateInsecticides in Honeybees
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| - Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was evaluated for the extraction oforganophosphate andcarbamate insecticides in honeybees. Extracts were analyzed by gaschromatography (GC) withnitrogen−phosphorus detection or flame-photometric detection withconfirmation by GC with ion-trap mass spectrometry. Samples were mixed with diatomaceous earthand optimal extractionconditions were: (1) CO2 density of 0.7 g/mL, (2) 60°C, (3) 2 min equilibration time, (4) 40 mL ofCO2, and (5) 1.6 mL/min flow rate. Analytes weretrapped on octadecyl silane (ODS) and elutedwith acetonitrile. No further cleanup was necessary andchromatographic interferences in SFEextracts were comparable to those in solvent extracts that hadundergone extensive cleanupprocedures. Recoveries from honeybees fortified at 1 and 0.1μg/g were greater than 75% for allpesticides studied except omethoate. Samples containing residueswere also extracted by SFE, andthere was good quantitative agreement with results from analyses basedon solvent extractions. Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE); residue determination;toxicology; organophosphateinsecticides; carbamate insecticides; honeybees
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