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| - Molecular Phylogeny and Species Identification of Sardines
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| - The DNA sequence diversity of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) and some closely related speciesof Clupeomorpha was investigated using the mitochondrial DNA gene encoding cytochrome b. Thenucleotide sequences of complete and partial mtDNA cytochrome b were determined in numerousspecimens. Sequence divergence between species and genera was evenly distributed in thecytochrome b gene but rather high compared to reports for other fish species. Phylogenetic analyseson complete cytochrome b were used to study the relationships among the considered species. S.pilchardus was easily differentiated, showing a genetic distance of 0.25 with respect to Clupeidaespecies and 0.26 with respect to the other species. A species-specific short fragment (<150 bp) wasisolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers designed for Clupeomorpha. A rapid andreliable PCR method using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with two restrictionenzymes (MnlI/HinfI) was optimized for unambiguous differentiation of S. pilchardus from the otherspecies tested (raw and canned products). Keywords: Species identification; sardine; Clupeidae; cytochrome b gene; genetic divergence; PCR−RFLP
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