| Abstract
| - Investigations of different sources of acrylamide formation in model systems consisting of aminoacids and sugars have indicated the presence of two pathways of acrylamide generation; the mainpathway specifically involves asparagine to directly produce acrylamide after a sugar-assisteddecarboxylation step, and the second, nonspecific pathway involves the initial formation of acrylicacid from different sources and its subsequent interaction with ammonia and/or amines to produceacrylamide or its N-alkylated derivatives. Aspartic acid, β-alanine, and carnosine were found to followthe acrylic acid pathway. Labeling studies using [13C-4]aspartic acid have confirmed the occurrencein this amino acid of a previously proposed sugar-assisted decarboxylation mechanism identified inthe asparagine/glucose model system. In addition, creatine was found to be a good source ofmethylamine in model systems and was responsible for the formation of N-methylacrylamide throughthe acrylic acid pathway. Labeling studies using creatine (methyl-d3) and 15NH4Cl have indicatedthat both the nitrogen and the methyl groups of methylamine had originated from creatine. Furthermore,analysis of cooked meat samples has also confirmed the formation of N-methylacrylamide duringcooking. Keywords: Asparagine; aspartic acid; creatine; carnosine; acrylamide; N-methylacrylamide; N,N-dimethylacrylamide; beef; mechanism of methylamine and N-methylacrylamide formation; Py-GC/MSanalysis
|
