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| - Organoclay Formulations of Acetochlor: Effect of High SaltConcentration
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| Abstract
| - This study aimed to evaluate new methodology for designing ecologically acceptable formulations ofacetochlor. Modification of montmorillonite with phenyltrimethylammonium chloride (PTMA) orbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMA) and organoclay formulations of acetochlor were preparedin the presence of high concentrations of sodium chloride (150 g/L). Acetochlor concentration in theequilibrium solutions was determined by HPLC. Release of acetochlor in a water system wasperformed by a funnel experiment. Leaching of acetochlor in soil was determined by a bioassayusing a column technique and Setaria viridis as a test plant. The adsorbed amounts of acetochlor onmontmorillonite exchanged by PTMA or BTMA were increased as NaCl concentration increased inthe equilibrium solution. Leaching of acetochlor from organoclay formulations was significantly inhibitedto the top soil layer (0−5 cm) when the formulations were prepared at extreme NaCl concentration(100−150 g/L). These results are in accord with a funnel experiment that showed a reduction inacetochlor release from the montmorillonite-based formulations. The application of this method forherbicide formulation would produce ecologically acceptable herbicide formulations that cansignificantly minimize the risk to groundwater pollution. Keywords: Acetochlor; montmorillonite; sodium chloride; leaching; slow release
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