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| - Degradation Kinetics of Manure-Derived Sulfadimethoxine inAmended Soil
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| - Spreading of contaminated manure into agricultural lands as fertilizer is one of the major routes throughwhich veterinary antibiotics enter the environment. In this study, the degradation of manure-derivedsulfadimethoxine, a widely used veterinary sulfonamide antibiotic, in manure-amended soil wasinvestigated. A kinetic model, called the availability-adjusted first-order model based on the first-order kinetics and an assumption of the availability of target compound during the degradation process,was developed and was found to fit sulfadimethoxine degradation well. The effect of initialsulfadimethoxine concentration showed that the degradation rate constant increased with decreasinginitial concentration, indicating that the bioactivity of the degrading microorganisms in manure-amendedsoil was sensitive to sulfadimethoxine concentration. Sulfadimethoxine degradation was acceleratedwith increasing manure content in amended soil. Degradation in nonamended soil was significantlyslower than in manure-amended soil. This indicated that sulfadimethoxine may become more persistentonce it reaches soil after leaching from manure and that storage of manure for a certain period beforeapplication is needed to diminish sulfadimethoxine contamination. Sulfadimethoxine degradation waseffectively enhanced with increasing moisture of amended soil. No adverse effect was observed withmanure storage on the degradation of manure-derived sulfadimethoxine in amended soil. Keywords: Sulfadimethoxine; sulfonamide; antibiotic; degradation; manure; soil
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