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| - Urinary Excretion of Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis)Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites
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| - Anthocyanins are the most abundant phenolic compounds, widely distributed in fruits and vegetables,and exhibit potent antioxidant capacity. Humans ingest a significant amount of anthocyanins in thedaily diet. The objective of the current study was to examine human absorption and metabolism ofblack raspberry anthocyanins when administered at high doses (2.69 ± 0.085 g/day). Ten healthymen consumed 45 g of freeze-dried black raspberries daily for 1 week. Urine samples were collectedover a 12 h period in 4 h intervals at day 1 and day 7. Urinary anthocyanins were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector and a tandem massspectrometer using precursor ion and product ion analyses. Anthocyanins were excreted in intactforms and metabolized into methylated derivatives in human urine. The urinary excretion ofanthocyanins reached a maximum concentration (1091.8 ± 1081.3 pmol/L, n = 10) during the 4−8h period after black raspberry ingestion. As compared to the anthocyanin distribution in blackraspberries, urinary cyanidin 3-xylosylrutinoside was detected at a higher concentration than that ofcyanidin-3-rutinoside. Keywords: Anthocyanins; black raspberries; anthocyanin methylated derivatives; absorption; metabolism
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