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| - Effect of Dose Size on Bioavailability of Acylated andNonacylated Anthocyanins from Red Cabbage (Brassicaoleracea L. Var. capitata)
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| - Recent studies indicate that anthocyanin intake conveys a variety of health benefits, which dependon absorption and metabolic mechanisms that deliver anthocyanins and their bioactive metabolitesto responsive tissues. The anthocyanin bioavailability of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var.capitata) was evaluated as reflected by urinary excretion of anthocyanins and anthocyanin metabolites.Twelve volunteers consumed 100, 200, and 300 g of steamed red cabbage (containing 1.38 μmol ofanthocyanins/g of cabbage) in a crossover design. Anthocyanin concentration in cabbage extractand urine was measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Six nonacylated and 30 acylated anthocyanins weredetected in red cabbage, and 3 nonacylated anthocyanins, 8 acylated anthocyanins, and 4 metaboliteswere present in urine. Mean 24 h excretion of intact anthocyanins increased linearly from 45 (100 gdose) to 65 nmol (300 g dose) for acylated anthocyanins and from 52 (100 g dose) to 79 nmol (300g dose) for nonacylated anthocyanins. Urinary recovery of intact anthocyanins (percent of anthocyaninintake) decreased linearly from 0.041% (100 g dose) to 0.020% (300 g dose) for acylated anthocyaninsand from 0.18% (100 g dose) to 0.09% (300 g dose) for nonacylated anthocyanins. Anthocyaninmetabolites consisted of glucuronidated and methylated anthocyanins. The results show that redcabbage anthocyanins were excreted in both intact and metabolized forms and that recovery ofnonacylated anthocyanins in urine was >4-fold that of acylated anthocyanins. Keywords: Anthocyanin; cyanidin; acylated; bioavailability; cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata)
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