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| - Self-Assembly of Two- and Three-Dimensional Particle Arrays by Manipulating theHydrophobicity of Silica Nanospheres
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| - The surface hydrophobicity of colloidal silica (SiO2) nanospheres is manipulated by a chemical graft of alkylchains with silane coupling agents or by physical adsorption of a cationic surfactant. The surface-modifiedSiO2 spheres can be transferred from the aqueous phase to organic solvents and readily self-assemble at thewater−air interface to form two-dimensional (2D) particle arrays. Closely packed particle monolayers areobtained by adjusting the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the synthesized SiO2 spheres and may furtherbe transferred onto solid substrates layer by layer to form three-dimensional (3D) ordered particle arrays witha hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystalline structure. The 2D monolayer and 3D multilayer SiO2 films exhibitphotonic crystal properties, which were determined by the UV−visible spectroscopic analysis in transmissionmode. In the multilayer films, the Bragg diffraction maxima increased with an increase in thickness of theparticle layers. The experimentally observed diffraction positions are in good agreement with those that weretheoretically calculated.
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